Defibrillation is one of the most serious resuscitation measures, which is aimed at eliminating heart rhythm disturbances that threaten the patient's life, and at normalizing the contractions of the heart ventricles, with the goal of returning the patient from a state of clinical death. It is equated in importance with cardiac massage and mechanical ventilation.
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In the case where the intensive care unit has good technical equipment, medical defibrillation is not used or is used extremely rarely.
The fact is that chemical defibrillation is performed by intravenous injection of a high concentration of potassium chloride solution, as a result of which myocardial contractions worsen, and ventricular fibrillation is eliminated.
To restore the activity of the myocardium after exposure to the drug, it is necessary to massage the heart for a long time and introduce a drug that is a potassium antagonist (usually calcium gluconate), in connection with which ventricular fibrillation may recur. The result is that the effectiveness of resuscitation is significantly reduced due to the increase in its duration.
Electrical defibrillation is considered to be very effective in quickly restoring normal heart function. High power electrical discharge, short in time, when passing through the heart muscle, most often restores the normal functioning of the heart. Such actions are performed in the presence of a defibrillator, when choosing which it is necessary to dwell on the most important points.
Defibrillators in modern conditions are of various types, but are divided into two large groups:
There is one more variety - universal. At the request of the manufacturer, they can be additionally equipped with a display, manual control, monitoring functions, automatic defibrillation, synchronized cardioversion.
Based on the shape of the discharge, the devices are divided into:
The second type of impulse is much more modern and surpasses the first in efficiency, therefore, devices with the first type of impulse are now produced by manufacturers much less than before.
This is not to say that some device is better, and some is worse, each device has its own strengths and weaknesses. The advantages of defibrillators that are designed for professional use include:
Weaknesses include:
When you consider defibrillators, which are automatic, they have their advantages:
Weaknesses:
A list of the most popular devices is provided below. Thanks to him, you can find out the characteristics of devices from well-known brands and choose the right one.
The device from the German company is one of the best. Resuscitation measures here can be carried out in a variety of modes, depending on the complexion and condition of the patient. The minimum discharge is 10 J, and the maximum - 360 J, there are 8 energy levels in the apparatus. The subsequent discharge reaches its maximum value within 5 seconds after the previous one. The screen displays all the necessary data about the patient's condition, including his last ECG. The main advantage is the presence of pediatric electrodes, which are located under the plates of the adult electrodes.
An automatic device from a Dutch company is convenient and effective when used in any conditions, including outside a medical institution. Anyone can use a portable device, even without any specialized skills.
Most often, such devices are found in educational institutions, rescuers and flight attendants, as well as in ambulances. The main feature is the presence of a baby / infant button. This allows the device to be used even for resuscitation measures for newborn babies.
The automatic device is intended for professional use.Anyone can help a patient. Moreover, the device allows the "rescuer" to go through all the stages of the rescue process - from the presence of a pulse to defibrillation. The device is designed to resuscitate both an adult and a child.
Both voice and visual prompts are provided for inexperienced users. All actions of the "rescuer" are recorded, so in the future an experienced resuscitator will be able to evaluate his actions.
The cover shows a diagram of the correct positioning of the electrodes on the patient's chest, so even an unskilled specialist can fix them quickly without any difficulty. After turning on the device, he independently analyzes the ECG and, with the help of voice messages, prompts the "rescuer" about the next steps of resuscitation. All data is displayed on a high-quality LCD display with backlighting and icons. When any malfunctions occur, a signal is emitted for their quick detection and elimination.
AED Pro is designed for resuscitation of adults and children from 8 years old. It turns on automatically when the ECG cable is connected. Constantly analyzes the ECG and, if necessary, displays recommendations for connecting the electrodes.
AED Pro is equipped with the unique Real CPR Help® technology, which can significantly improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, due to the fact that the frequency and depth of compressions are monitored online based on the feedback principle.
Metronome beeps and graphical information displays for optimal compression. The unique technology allows you to filter the ECG from artifacts that always occur during breast compression. In turn, this allows not to interrupt the compression to assess the patient's own rhythm.
Heart Save PAD M250 Metrax belongs to external automatic defibrillators (AEDs). The device interface is designed for unskilled professionals, so anyone can help a patient with sudden cardiac arrest. The device has 2 operating modes - adult and pediatric. Built-in memory lasts for 20 hours of self-testing and control. The device has 3 energy levels - 281 J - 350 J - 360 J. PAD M250 Metrax begins to automatically analyze the ECG already when the electrodes are applied, and, if necessary, makes a discharge on its own.
This defibrillator model is designed specifically for extreme cases and the provision of the necessary emergency medical care. To avoid tangling all cables, there is a dedicated pocket for storing essential accessories. The data supplied to the display can be read in any conditions: in the blinding sun or in absolute darkness.
Built-in clock equipped with GPS navigation system.All pharmaceuticals used in the provision of care, as well as the sequence of their administration, are displayed in a built-in protocol. The defibrillator is capable of being connected to a variety of power sources.
This model has a compact size, light weight and robust body. Manual defibrillation, automatic defibrillation, and pacing can be used. BeneHeart D3 is suitable for use in any medical facility.
The likelihood of the maximum successful result of defibrillation is ensured by the discharge of energy up to 360. It has a high power, has the ability to work from a battery, supporting continuous monitoring during long-term patient transportation when disconnected from stationary power sources.
The device, ideal for use in all medical facilities, is lightweight and lightweight.
This model has several versions with an expanded set of options: providing a pacing channel, pulse oximetry, the ability to measure blood pressure, the presence of an external memory card.
The manual model has a built-in thermal printer for instant printing of reports and markers of the injected drugs. Powered by AC.
When choosing a device, you need to take into account the conditions in which it will be used. Devices considered professional are ideal for use in medical organizations, and the use of an automatic defibrillator is optimal in environments where there are no external power sources nearby (for example, in an ambulance).
When choosing a device related to professional defibrillators, you need to pay attention to the following factors:
If one of the options in the device fails, it is sent for repair. For the sake of foresight, two devices are delivered to the site. They will work independently of each other and have a diverse set of options.
If a specialist prefers an automatic device, then his choice must be approached in the same way as for professional devices. Do not forget that in order to avoid unpleasant incidents when using the device in the field mode, you need to choose a device that works on ordinary batteries.
When choosing a manufacturer or brand, it should be borne in mind that manufacturers working abroad are actively updating and replacing the model range. For this reason, after the purchase of the device and its breakdown in a year or two, it may be difficult to acquire parts for repairing the device.
Defibrillators manufactured in the country (the leader in the production of such devices in Russia is JSC Concern "Axion") are not as reliable as imported ones, but they have good maintainability and are easy to service. This saves money by performing repairs instead of buying a new device, which would have to be done in the absence of spare parts.